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Carbon Tracking Module

a. Blockchain Module​

Blockchain Architecture Diagram

The blockchain module uses Hyperledger Fabric to isolate each carbon project into its own ledger boundary. Org0 runs the shared ordering service with four orderer nodes. Each participating organization, such as Org1 and Org2, operates at least two peer nodes and one CA node for identity management and transaction endorsement.

For each carbon project, the platform creates a dedicated Fabric channel. Member organizations join only the project channel they participate in and install the corresponding chaincode package on their peers. In the example, Org1 joins Channel 1 and installs chaincode1, Org2 joins Channel 2 and installs chaincode2, and future projects follow the same Channel N and chaincodeN pattern.

This channel-per-project design is used to:

  • trace carbon activity and supporting audit records per project
  • execute project-specific emission reduction calculations on-chain
  • isolate ledger state, endorsements, and access control across different projects

b. Carbon Footprint Module​

Carbon Footprint is calculated in smart contracts from the raw data submitted by the Project Proponent according to the carbon methodology in PDD. Usually it is a the measure of activity times the carbon factor, e.g. daily diesel used in litre times the carbon factor of each litre of diesel (in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e)).

After Carbon Footprint computation, the Carbon Footprint and Carbon Reduction record will be written back to the blockchain. These records can be:

  • sent to the Carbon Registry for issuance of Carbon Credit
  • used to generate report within TCCTV Platform

Carbon Footprint Record​

It contains:

  • the emission calculated according to the PDD
  • parameters for calculating carbon footprint
  • raw data/aggregated raw data for preliminary validation
  • transaction ID for tracing the carbon footprint calculation on the blockchain in TCCTV Platform

The inclusion of the latter two fields strengthens the auditability of individual records.

{
  "uuid": "774c3608-3e1a-4323-af39-963480a25d34",
  "startTime": "2025-04-02T16:00:00Z",
  "endTime": "2025-04-03T16:00:00Z",
  "emission": 1358.6791, // carbon emission (in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e))
  "data": {
    // parameters for calculating carbon footprint
    "projectParam": {},
    // raw data/aggregated raw data for preliminary validation
    "dieselUsage": 37
  },
  "txid": "620a5f91ae4b90c85a763ca15b25a4229c9984d2"
}

Carbon Reduction Record​

Similar to Carbon Footprint, but a baseline is defined such that the Emission Reduction (baseline - carbon footprint) is calculated.

{
  "uuid": "774c3608-3e1a-4323-af39-963480a25d34",
  "startTime": "2025-04-02T16:00:00Z",
  "endTime": "2025-04-03T16:00:00Z",
  "emissionReduction": 224.47424, // carbon emission reduction (in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e))
  "data": {
    // parameters for calculating carbon footprint and establishing baseline
    "projectParam": {},
    // raw data/aggregated raw data for preliminary validation
    "dieselUsage": 37
  },
  "txid": "620a5f91ae4b90c85a763ca15b25a4229c9984d2"
}