| Project Proponent | The entity responsible for developing, operating, and claiming emission reductions from a carbon project. |
| Project Design Document (PDD) | A technical document defining the project boundary, methodology, baseline, monitoring plan, and expected emission reductions. |
| Carbon Registry | A digital system that records the issuance, ownership, transfer, and retirement of carbon credits to prevent double counting. |
| Asia Carbon Institute (ACI) | An independent research and advisory organization supporting the development, assessment, and advancement of credible carbon methodologies, standards, and market infrastructure. |
| Validation and Verification Body (VVB) | An independent, accredited organization that validates project design and verifies reported emission reductions. |
| Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) | The process of measuring emissions, reporting results, and independently verifying accuracy and compliance. |
| Digital MRV (DMRV) | An MRV system that uses digital technologies to automate data collection, improve accuracy, and enhance traceability. |
| Anomaly Detection Engine | An AI‑based component that identifies abnormal or inconsistent patterns in emissions and operational data. |
| Carbon Credit | A tradable unit representing one tonne of verified carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e) reduction or removal. |
| Issuance | The creation and registration of carbon credits following successful verification. |
| Retirement | The permanent cancellation of carbon credits to indicate final use and prevent further transfer. |
| Methodology | An approved set of rules for quantifying emission reductions for a specific project type or technology. |
| Traceability | The ability to track carbon credits and underlying data throughout the full project and credit lifecycle. |